Art And Its Impact On Society - 2359 Words

Art as a realm possesses an untamed power to document, address and question. It is a liberating force that extends beyond the socio-political norms of its time. The unconscious aim of art is progress, through the means of deconstructing what is said to be normal. Arguably, art is a product of its culture; although, once it is created it becomes the means by which to shape it. A great work of art is reactionary, especially within a Western environment. This view became widely spread with the rise of Modernism. A progressive approach towards the arts and their impact, started to evolve by the middle of the 19th century. During the 1871 Paris Commune, ‘subversive art’ became a recreation of the revolutionary politics of the time, driven by a group of embattled artist (Levenson. 2011. p. 12). ‘The political desire to transform society met the aesthetic desire to represent and to circulate the signs of transformation’ (Ibid. p. 13); this reveals the relati onship of art with politics. This is due to the ability of art to speak a language that is not confined by any geographical borders and is by nature a liberated form of expression. Therefore, it can address and influence all those who are willing to witness and interpret. Alongside the creative authority of being an artist he or she is held accountable for the contextual essence of their work as the creator, especially in relation to political art (Cohen. 2015). Once an artwork adopts a political identity it createsShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of the Arts on Society1037 Words   |  4 PagesArt has been long seen as a prevailing influence on society and is increasingly developing every day. There have been many efforts taken to amplify systematic methods for assessing these influences. Many cities either highlight the arts or reduce these social inclusions. Some places go on to have academic achievements and economic development just to portray the existing arts in their cities. With all that being done, there is definitely an impact on social and community life whether that is a positiveRead MoreArt And Its Impact On Society1471 Words   |  6 Pages Art plays a very important role in our society, it is an opportunity to express what we fee l, what we think, what we hope, what we love or hate, what we want to change, how we visualize the future, and what motivate us. As humans we have the natural necessity to express and show those feelings. Art has existed throughout the years and across the world in some form or another. It is a part of our daily lives and has huge meaning to all the different cultures across the world. Read MoreA Work Of Art And Its Impact On Society1503 Words   |  7 PagesA work of art is something that touches the emotions of people. Without saying a word, art often speaks volumes to its viewers by challenging the current ideological orders, which are better known as the ways in which society thinks, acts, and functions on a daily basis. One of the most powerful art forms in terms of influencing society is a monument, which can be defined as a large manmade structure built to commemorate a significant person or event in history. Like all forms of art, monumentsRead MoreThe Importance Of Art And Its Impact On Society2506 Words   |  11 Pages Throughout history, one of the most expressive mediums through which humans can convey their thoughts is via art. Whether it is through sculpture, painting, or a print, an artist is capable of making a political statement or endorsing an idea simply by subtly alluding to it in their work. Alternatively, an artist can be forthri ght with their ideals as would have been the case for people such as the Dadaists. In any case, artists are able to support a lot more than just beauty in their work, andRead MoreAboriginal Art And Its Impact On Aboriginal Society2348 Words   |  10 PagesAustralian Indigenous art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world. Initial forms of artistic Aboriginal expression were rock carvings, body painting and ground designs, which date back more than 30,000 years. The quality and variety of Australian Indigenous art produced today reflects the richness and diversity of Indifenous culture and distinct differences between tribes, languages, dialects and geographic landscapes. Art has always been an important of Aboriginal life, connection pastRead MorePostmodern Art And Its Impact On Modern Society2133 Words   |  9 PagesPostmodern art is typically anti-establishment and rebellious, the beginning of postmodern art can be found in the late 1950’s-1960’s altho ugh the term was first used around 1970. The movement differed from previous movements as it deliberately went against the rules, artists used many different disciplines within one piece of work. A core value of postmodern art is that it is for everyone and tries to be a connection between art and everyday life. Modernism triggered post-modernism, modernismRead MoreThe Impact Of Art On Society s Influence On Social Behavior, Reprehensible, Dirty, Nothing More Than Propaganda1939 Words   |  8 PagesSome people are advocates of the opinion that art designed to influence social behavior is reprehensible, dirty, nothing more than propaganda, and so on. However, it is impossible to present a complete picture of art if we ignore its function of a social protest; the history of art provides us with many examples. Painting can be an extremely powerful form of protest against inequity, atrocity or inequality. Traditionally, painting is usually supportive of the political needs of old-established orderRead MoreThe Real Life Application : Beauty Is One s Positive And Admiring Feeling Or Understanding Towards One Object794 Words   |  4 Pagesone object. In twenty first century, individuals are bonded with beauty that the society, or the shared knowledge, have agreed for trillion years, yet different people holds different opinion whether they admire an object or not. Therefore, I agree that beauty can have different interpretation based on the shared knowledge and personal knowledge that one experienced. Knowing that there are various interpretation of arts, the real life application that comes to my mind to ask â€Å"how do we weigh beauty†Read MoreArt Is A Catalyst Of Change1212 Words   |  5 PagesArt is a catalyst of change. It can confront both social and political issues as well as providing people with a creative outlet in which they can express their innermost thoughts an d feelings - but what effect can art have on our society as a whole? Artists today have the unique ability to connect with people in a creative, innovative way that they can understand and interpret themselves. With this ability, artists are able to express their own views as well as influencing the views of others. ArtRead MoreSociology Of Art : A Reader1625 Words   |  7 Pages Art holds a high position in the world and in society due to its use, such as documenting events in history with things like cave paintings and literature, and expressing oneself through art in religion and the things we envision, and what we want the world, our society, to be. When it comes to the question of which better effects which, in the terms of â€Å"...art...and society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , it is clearly shown that the arts are highly affected by both societal and cultural constructs. And when it comes to

The Journal Article Linking Lack Of Care - 936 Words

The Journal Article â€Å"Linking Lack of Care in Childhood to Anxiety Disorders in Emerging Adulthood: the Role of Attachment Styles† discusses the research of what the title suggests, which is aimed at looking at the effects of childhood neglect and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles in the development in anxiety disorders (Schimmenti 42). Recently, the idea of emotional neglect â€Å"playing a key role† (Schimmenti 41) in the development of anxiety disorder has been a growing interest for Psychology researchers. Emotional neglect happens when a parent unintentionally overlooks the signs that that a child needs attention or comfort and not fulfilling a child’s emotional needs. Examples of this behavior includes: rejecting the child, withholding love, constant belittling, denying the child opportunities for interacting, and failing to provide psychological care. The role of attachment styles is also assumed to have a big impact on anxiety disorders in adulthoo d. Attachment is important in all stages of human life; in childhood it allows a child to maintain connection with a parent for protection and survival and in adolescence and adulthood it allows an individual to seek a safe haven and develop intimate relationships both which help deal with stress. Attachment styles are divided into three categories: secure attachment, anxious-ambivalent attachment and avoidant attachment. Adults and adolescents that are securely attached tend to have high self-esteem and enjoy intimateShow MoreRelatedNursing Curriculum : A Call For Change913 Words   |  4 Pagesa priority. The passing of the Affordable Care Act increases the amount of clients being seen in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Therefore, it is prudent to educate nursing students in a way that prepares them for this increasingly complex health care system. In 2010, Mill, Astle, Ogilvie and Gustaldo wrote about linking global citizenship, undergraduate education and profession al nursing in the 21th century (E1). They believe that linking global citizenship to transform nursing curriculumRead MoreNot Up For Debate : The Science Behind Vaccination1192 Words   |  5 Pageswe feel the pressure of being told what to do. We are lazy to learn the truth, but yet we are ready to choose sides and strongly argue about it. We see it every day on the news, in politics, sports, social media, online forums, school, etc. In his article, â€Å"Not Up for Debate: The Science Behind Vaccination†, published in September of 2015, Professor Aaron E. Carroll argues that the issue with vaccinations is more than just choosing to do it or not. Carroll jumps right into his discussion of the â€Å"NotRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And The Health Ministries Association1272 Words   |  6 Pages2012). The role played by the FCN is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, and respond to distress regarding the pra ctice beliefs and the values of a faith community. The FCN emphases on the purposeful care of the spirit as well as the promotion of holistic health and prevention and the reduction of illness (ANA HMA, 2012). Furthermore, the FCN plays a significant role in developing community partnerships required to enhance health promotion (BreischRead MoreLinking Liberal and Professional Learning in Nursing Education1055 Words   |  4 PagesHermann, M. (2004). Linking Liberal and Professional Learning in Nursing Education. Liberal Education. 90(4): 42-51 The idea of research can be daunting to anyone, and the idea of taking courses on research methodologies even more so. Nursing research is a two-way academic communication it results from data that comes from the ground up (the egg), but it must be processed by those who have the expertise and time to perform the proper steps within acceptable methodology (the chicken). InRead MoreTalent Retention Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pageswith a bigger and better offer. The medical fields in general can experience difficulty recruiting and retaining employees, especially when it comes to minority nurses. In the summer 2011, Association of Black Nursing Faculty (ABNF) Journal concluded in their article on retention of minority nurses (p. 76) that a linear method recruitment and retention of minority nursing staff has not been enough to solve a shortage problem. In lieu of a singular approach they decided on a compound tactic of actionRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana ) And Health Ministries Association1364 Words   |  6 Pages2012). The role played by the FCN is to protect, promote, and optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, and respond to distress regarding the practice beliefs and the values of a faith community. The FCN emphases on the purposeful care of the spirit as well as the promotion of holistic health and prevention and the reduction of illness (ANA HMA, 2012). Furthermore, the FCN plays a significant role in developing community partnerships required to enhance health promotion (BreischRead MoreRole Stereotyping, Misconceptions About Nurs ing Career1486 Words   |  6 Pagesa report generated by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) in (2011) reveals that only 6% of registered nurses in the US are AA. Loftin et al. (2012) listed inadequate monetary funding, insufficient moral and emotional support, lack of academic and nursing program advising as well as scant technical support and professional socialization as some of the reasons that explain why few AA fails to pursue nursing or complete the nursing program. Role stereotyping, misconceptions aboutRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Healthcare1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way we do things in healthcare and also how we give care to patients. One major technology that is currently revolutionizing healthcare is telehealth. The concept of telehealth has many different aspects which are helping to eliminate gaps in the current healthcare system by building bridges linking patients to all of their healthcare needs. It also allows to healthcare membe rs to easily monitor patients and gain knowledge to give care. Telehealth is clearly positive effecting healthcare todayRead MoreMy Organization s Customer Service Model1208 Words   |  5 Pagesservice, describe how patient satisfaction is measured, and why customer satisfaction is tied to reimbursement. My hospital’s organizational mission is to build and cultivate a culture of excellence that delivers on the promise of personalized health care and increases staff and patient satisfaction. The department uses the P4 medicine model to deliver exceptional patient experience by predicting, preventing, personalizing and participating. The model uses these elements to predict the needs of ourRead MoreThe Study Of Child Psychopathology796 Words   |  4 PagesKim, J., Cicchetti, D. (2009). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 706-716. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x/abstract The study of child psychopathology is a more recent discussion topic among professionals and experts in the psychology field. There have been several studies that support the idea that child psychopathology is

Stranger than fiction free essay sample

Stranger Than Fiction In the film ‘Stranger than fiction’ by Mark Fortster, the director portrays the issue of time and how it has affected the protagonist who is Harold Crick. Harold Crick is an IRS agent who lives a ‘life of solitude’ and monotony. Harold Crick lives a calculated life timed to perfection by his wrist watch. This lasted for 12 years until one regular Wednesday when he hears the voice of Karen Eiffel narrating his life. The issue of time pays such a vital role in stranger than fiction and is shown right at the start of the film but is most notably noticed when his wrist watch shuts down and leads to his ‘imminent death’. During the opening scene of the film we are introduced to Harold Crick who is described as a man of ‘infinite numbers’ and ‘endless calculations’ but also shows the importance of time. The director uses an extreme wide shot of earth zooming onto Harold’s wrist watch to portray the idea of the issue of time. The opening scene sets the scene throughout the movie. The significance of the extreme wide shot zooming onto Harold’s wrist watch is that it acts as Harold’s companion and is seen as his way to make the most out of his time. This shows how the issue of time is affecting Harold’s life even though he doesn’t know it his mundane lifestyle is only breached when the announces in a 3rd person omniscience view that his ‘seeming innocuous decision would lead to his imminent death’ when he starts to live his life to the fullest before in time he dies. The wrist watch is a very important motif throughout the movie. The wrist watch is given a persona and quote ‘his wristwatch thought it made his neck look fat but said nothing’. The wristwatch could be seen as Harold’s self-conscious but also portrays the issue of time throughout the movie. This is evident from the start of the film that it is important because of the extreme wide shot zooming onto the watch which suggests this. The watch is portrayed as the issue of time for Harold which he has relied on for 12 years but ironically cause his death. Throughout the film the director uses a narrator to portray Harold Crick’s life in a 3rd person omniscience view. This is important because it gives us an understanding of Harold’s life but also helps Harold leave his mundane lifestyle and live his life by playing guitar and dating Ana Pascal. The narrator, Karen Eiffel is known for killing her main characters so the issue of time. Because of this Harold has to try find Karen Eiffel and try to stop her from killing him. This issue of time helps Harold try new stuff and helps him have a better social life by staying with Dave and dating Ana which helps him find a new man hidden inside of him. The narrator sparks a revival in his life which he does not time every second but lives his life. During the movie ‘Stranger than Fiction’ by Mark Forster the use of extreme wide shots, motifs and a narrator helps to portray the idea of the issue of time. At the end of the movie Karen Eiffel says to Professor Jules Hilbert â€Å"A man that knows he is going to die and dies willingly, isn’t that the kind of man you want to live† shows that the issue of time didn’t shape the man, the man shaped the issue of time. The Book Thief During the novel ‘The Book Thief ‘by Markus Zusak, the Author portrays the power of words through a 10 year old girl. This girl is Leisel Meiminger a girl living in Nazi Germany who has a love of words. Leisel saw a lot as a 10 year old. She saw her brother die right I front of her, her mother abandoned her and she fell in love with words and learnt the power of words. That year she also met her foster parents Hans and Rosa Huberman. For Leisel her next 4 years are the most important of her life where she reads 14 books, her family hides a Jew and Molching, Germany gets bombed. Leisel as she gets older use words for good and bad. During her first months on Himmel Street her papa taught her how to read and write. These midnight lessons helped her to understand words. The words that she first fell in love with were the words of the fuhrer. This is shown during Leisel’s dream on the train quote â€Å"She was listening contentedly to the torrent of words that as spilling from his mouth. His sentences glowed in the light†. This dream shows how positively she views the fuhrer and shows how he had miss used words by using propaganda and now Leisel was in favor of Hitler. As Leisel matures she learns how Hitler had misused the power of words and she announces ‘’ I hate Hitler’’ this quote shows how her opinion has changed. During the bombings in 1943 Leisel learns how words can be used to calm others down. Whilst in the bomb shelter she reads her books which consequently calms everyone down which make them forget they are getting bombed. Even though she uses words for good she also uses them for bad. Her mama 2, Rosa Huberman to makes ends meet she does the washing and ironing for the rich people living in Molching. Whilst delivering and picking up washing she falls in love with the mayor’s wife’s library here she reads. This is not a relationship based on speaking it is a relationship based on words. On the day there last washing and ironing client fired them (The mayor) Leisel fires a torrent of words at the mayor’s wife â€Å"It’s about time†¦ that you do your own stinking washing anyway. It’s about time you faced the fact that your son is dead. He got killed† These words shows that even good people can misuse the power of words. Even though she did use them poorly she helped Ilsa Hermann sort her life out and get over the death of her son. The ideas of the power of words portrayed by Markus Zusak is still important today because they can still hurt people or heal people. Today people use words to gain power over people. Some are for good like the pope or your school principle but some are for bad like Mussolini or Hitler. Words are as powerful now as they were then but people now have more words and more ways of distributing there evil ways with words but in society there are still people like Leisel doing good with words. In the Novel ‘’The Book Thief’’ the author Markus Zusak portrays the idea of the power of words through a 10 year old girl living Nazi Germany named Leisel Meiminger. Leisel learns that words can be used for good and evil. She says â€Å"I have loved words and I have hated them but I hope I have made them right†

Anthrax Vaccination Program Essay Example For Students

Anthrax Vaccination Program Essay On May 18, 1998, Secretary of Defense William Cohen approved a plan to vaccinate all U.S. service members for anthrax. This plan has caused a fierce ethical debate over the legitimacy of this vaccination. The Department of Defense claims the vaccination is completely safe and has been in use for decades. Some doctors dispute this claim, and contend the vaccination may not be effective against weapon versions of anthrax. Many service members have refused the vaccination and have either separated or faced formal punishment for their decision. The Bioport Corporation of Lansing Michigan is the only company that produces the anthrax vaccine. According to a Phoenix Times article, the original Bioport plant had to be demolished due to quality control problems. A new plant was built, but it also failed FDA inspections in December of 1999. Subsequently, the process of administering the vaccination to all service members has been suspended. The vaccination is currently administered only to pe rsonnel deploying to high threat areas of the world. The Joint Staff has designated Korea, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Yemen, and Israel as high-threat areas. The immunization is administered in a series of six shots over an eighteen-month period, with annual boosters. The following analysis will contain a brief discussion about both sides of this issue. To understand why the Department of Defense feels it is essential to take such precautions, it is first necessary to have some understanding of what anthrax is. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia defines anthrax as a contagious disease of warm-blooded animals, including humans, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. There are three types of anthrax diseases. The first is cutaneous anthrax, which is caused by contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. The second type is gastrointestinal anthrax, which is caused by ingestion of contaminated meat. The last typ e is inhalation anthrax, which is the type used in biological weapons. It is caused by the inhalation of anthrax spores and it is the most deadly type of the disease. One of the most effective defenses against inhaling the deadly spores is a properly worn gas mask. The DOD fears that by the time an attack is detected, it will be too late to don protective clothing. Theory suggests that immunization may be the only chance of surviving an attack. With so many biological weapons in production, one may wonder why bother with a vaccination that is only going to protect personnel against one type of weapon. The DOD feels that anthrax spores are the top choice in biological weapons for germ warfare. They say it is one of the most effective biological weapons because it is almost always deadly if not treated early. In addition, it is relatively simple to manufacture in large quantities with only a basic knowledge of biology. The spores can be stored for long periods with no deterioration, a nd it can be delivered easily using missiles, rockets, artillery, bombs or sprayers. Once the weapon has been dispersed, there are virtually no indications of exposure. The vapor is odorless, colorless, taste-free and leaves no cloud. DOD claims there is no effective treatment once exposure has occurred. They suggest antibiotics will suppress infection, but only if they are administered within 48 hours of exposure. They also claim unprotected individuals have a 99% chance of death after exposure. The Secretary of Defense has stated that it would be derelict l to send troops into one of the high threat areas without this vaccination. Other senior officers have frequently used the analogy It would be like sending troops into harms way without a helmet or flack vest. This theory brings up a question about whether the vaccination is safe and effective. DODs point of view suggests the vaccine is safe and will work. Their anthrax web site uses the reasoning that we already receive vaccine s to protect against typhoid, yellow fever and many other diseases, so it makes sense to protect ourselves against this killing disease which can be used as a weapon. The vaccine was developed for human use in the 1960s and approved by the FDA in 1970. DOD states that it has been routinely administered to at risk wool mill workers, veterinarians, live stock handlers, and laboratory workers since that time. They acknowledge that receiving the shots will cause mild reactions but claim there have been no patterns of long term side effects or delayed side effects. They also admit it has not been tested for use against the inhalation type of anthrax in humans because it would be unethical to conduct such research. They site a study conducted using 25 monkeys in which, after exposure, all but 1 survived to prove effectiveness of the vaccine. The bottom line for the DOD is they feel it is unethical to allow personnel to be exposed to the anthrax threat without every protection currently av ailable. People who oppose the present anthrax policy have a completely different perspective about the vaccine and the company that produces it. As mentioned earlier, the Bioport plant has encountered several problems with the FDA. The facility which produced the vaccine was state owned until 1997. When the FDA threatened to revoke its license, Michigan sold it to the Bioport Corporation. One of Bioports most visible corporate directors is former chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Adm. William J. Crowe Jr. Less than a month after Bioport took over they signed a $25.7 million contract with the DOD to produce the vaccine. Shortly after that the CEO went to congress and told them that Bioport was incurring losses that could not be sustained in the future. Subsequently, DOD increased the contract to $49.8 million but would receive 25% less vaccine. Opponents of the mandatory anthrax vaccination program consider it more of a moneymaking scheme than an essential protection for our military. A n additional concern is whether the vaccine will actually work. While the DOD sites studies with monkeys to prove it will work, other doctors site studies using mice and guinea pigs to dispute that claim. Dr. Meryl Nass, an expert on biological warfare has testified before congress twice about the anthrax program. She says the program will not work. Vaccinating everyone against one particular strain of anthrax, or one particular biological weapon, for that matter, would only protect them against that one thing. The enemy forces could then merely develop a new strain of the disease or another type of biological weapon making the whole effort moot. She also disputes the DODs claim of only minor adverse reactions being reported. Her research has shown that the vaccine can cause chronic symptoms that often worsen after the fourth shot is administered. Initially, she says, many experience abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, chills and a headache. Later symptoms can include chronic fatig ue, dizziness, joint and muscle pain, headaches, memory loss, sleep disorders, chest pains and recurring rashes. She contends the Vaccine Adverse Event reporting System is not effective because it is voluntary. She fears some people do not report problems because they are afraid of loosing jobs or being forced into medical retirement. The bottom line for the opposing side of this issue is the vaccine has not been sufficiently tested and there is no proof it will actually work. They contend the threat has been around for over 100 years, so why is it imperative to vaccinate now. Therefore, to them, the mandatory program is unethical. The debate and confusion over this issue is not going away in the near future. People opposing the vaccine want the program terminated. The DOD is not backing down from the mandatory inoculations. In an Air Force News article released Feb 18 2000, DOD officials say they have no intention of ending their program despite a House of Representatives panels re commendation that it be suspended. Dr. Sue Baily, assistant secretary of defense for health affairs, holds the position that the vaccine is very safe and effective against a biological agent produced by many of our adversaries. She says, Were service members not vaccinated and exposed to this agent, they would die a horrible death. It is our mission to protect those forces. It seems service members will continue to face the decision of whether to take the vaccination or not. It will ultimately be up to the individual to determine if it is worth receiving punishment or ending a career if they refuse the lawful order. Ethics Essays .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .postImageUrl , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:hover , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:visited , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:active { border:0!important; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:active , .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucbc461ce73a1b180f2b08fd3e04571de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dante's Paradiso Frees Dante's Paradiso Free Essay

Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations The WritePass Journal

Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations Introduction Analysing the application of commercial law towards Ship Operations IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction This assignment refers to a case sceanario in terms of Analysing the application of commercial law towards ship operations and the role of Master in its application wherein as a Master of a General cargo ship of 30,000T on a voyage charter sailing from U.K port after loading high grade steel pipes bound for Korea.   Master was forced to sign a Clean Bill of Lading instead of claused entry, inspite of identified   some steel rusty on visual inspection (that too in hasty n hurried situation) for which no shipper surveyor was appointed to have recorded witness (perhaps deliberately),   rather a Letter of Indemnity was issued by the shipper/seller.   Own vessel sailed with an inoperational Radar with the owners knowledge but not to the Classification society and the Insurer. In the ocean passage own vessel colledes with another Container ship which also infact had been in a situation of short of 2nd Mate who was airlifted a day before for medical emergency due to unexpected injur y onboard. Both vessel had suffered damage with own vessel in severe damage whereas   the Container ship minor hull damage but had to jettison some of the container to save the ship apart from some were lost due to incident. Own vessel was towed to ports of refuge for emergency repair with own ship under Lloyds Open Form and the Other ship under daily hire agreement. Since own ships sails from the UK portThe Hague Rules amended by Protocol in Brussels in 1968 called Hague-Visby Rules enacted by U.K in the form of Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, (COGSA 71 Act) amended n brought in force in 1977 shall apply. The act applies to : Any contract for the carriage of goods by sea in ships from a U.K port requiring issue of a bill of lading or similar document of title   If contract in or evidenced by it expressly provides that the amended Hague Rules shall govern the contract. The Article III mentions under the contract of carriage of goods by sea, that the carrier is subject to responsibilities and liabilities and entitled to the rights and immunities contained In analysing the case considering the Contractual obligations and mitigate any losses might be incurred by the ship owner, the following are the points to consider for any Master to safeguard his owner’s are: 1)   Article III bounds the carrier to exercise â€Å"due digilence† to make the ship seaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage, properly man, equip and supply the ship, make cargo spaces fit and safe to receive and carriage and preservation until delivery. 2)   Ã‚  After receiving the goods the master or his agent is to issue the shipper with a bill of lading. A B/L must give an accurate description of the goods and must be endorsed to show the true condition. The bill of lading is a prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods mentioned on it.   A letter of Indemnity is not legally binding and cannot be sued upon. A Master should not sign any bill if it is misleading as to quantity of condition.   Without specific instructions from owner, the Master should refuse the letter of Indemnity, make out his own bills duly signed and present to the shipper. If shipper objects or refuses to accept then the Master should lodge the bill with British Consul and note protest accordingly. 3)   Ã‚  Article IV also directs that Neither the carrier nor the ship is liable for the loss or damage resulting from unseawothiness, unless caused by want of due diligence. The burden of proof as defence towards exercised due diligence shall remains with the carrier. Also neither the carrier nor the ship is responsible for any loss or damage caused due to the Act, neglect of default of the master, pilot or carrier’s servants in the navigation of the ship. Considering the the both articles of COGSA / Hague visby Rules Act here Master has not prevented the Owners efficiently from the losses which normally exempts from any liabilities arising later due to the reasons beyond his control. 4)   Ã‚  Here the Master has neither exercised due diligence in making ship seaworthy prior departure from load port   which, he could have reduced by informing the Classification society / Administration and the Insurers, leading to obtaining the permission for such voyage with additional measures required to overcome such deficiency authorised and thereby, keeping the Insurance contract Intact based upon â€Å"Utmost Good Faith† complying with Implied warranty terms and, would have better prevented him or his owner in mitigating the financial losses arising due to situations beyond his control,   nor by signing clean B/L he prevented the Carrier’s liability arising later from cargo claims and thereby increasing the financial burden of the cargo loss if any.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured, in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses and losses incident to marine adventures. It is understood that each will act honestly with the other and assured must disclose every material circumstance known to him. If the assured fails to make disclosures, the insurer may void the contract†(college handout notes).   Therefore the owner here might be denied for even Hull Machinery, cargo losses and the General/Particular averages arising due to the Salvage of the vessel, by the Insurers for even 1/4th collision damage n third party liabilities due to Master not complying with want of due diligence and in Utmost Good Faith and, the Insurer can choose to waive this breach.   However, the burden of proving a breach of the implied warranty of seaworthiness lies on the insurer who alleges it. Therefore by not exercising his contractual obligatory duties according to the COGSA/Hague visby Rules Act and the Marine Insurance Act and the PNI warranties and thereby is in breach of both contractual obligations which   might end up the owners with a denied benefits of Assured indemnities and the heavy financial loss from both Hull and Machinery(3/4th RDC, Salvage and General Average) and, PNI (together with 1/4th collision liabilities) as well as all the insurable interests and will have to bear all these losses. However, since it was found that the other vessel also, was in a situation of unseaworthy at the time of collision, it can be argued and sued for the liabilities and claims becoming due on her part under Both to Blame Collision   cross liabilities clause under   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marine Insurance Act† as a â€Å"peril of the sea† is an excepted peril, allowing the carrier to avoid cargo loss or HM damage claims arising out of a collision with another ship and which will benefit the Owner in mitigating some losses. General Average: As set out in â€Å"York-Antwerp Rules 2004 A† that any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. (college handout notes).   Where the common maritime adventure / benefits identifies usually three interests – ship, cargo freight.   Since it is proven that own vessel did not depart in seaworthy condition it will be difficult to produce defence against compliance of want of due diligence under Hague Visby Rules / COGSA Act and therefore resulting in owner bearing all expenses under General Average as well as towards cargo claims and salvage expenses. With regard to the other vessels if she proves that she exercised due diligence then the cargo damage because of collision will be covered under the particular average and not the gen Avg under equal loss betwn the cargo of the chtrs and the jettisoned containers will be covered or will come under the Gen Avg because the action which was taken to prevent the ingress was intentional. Salvage:   The services provided to any maritime property in dangerous or hazardous situations in such a way that it results in saving it fully or partially or even saving the marine environment and thus promoting the culture or entitling the such service provider with sufficient reward in size, to the total property saved and thus not exceeding the saved value. The operation will require to be successful to provide the value from which the reward shall be obtained. The law of salvage to be considered in three particular prospects: a)  Ã‚  Common Law: requires voluntary services where the person has no prior interest in the property endangered or under any pre-existing contractual agreement falling within the definition of maritime property. The size of reward depend upon various factors with particular regard to the level of danger ship is in, the skill and expertise of the salvors utilised with degree of risk were exposed to them and, it shall be payable the parties benefited from such services. b)  Ã‚  Statutory Law : The International convention on salvage 1989 enacted by UK by S224 of Merchant Shipping Act 1995 as statute law and will therefore override the common law. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contract Law: The Master of the salvaged vessel will have the right to conclude the salvage contracts on behalf of the owner of saved vessel. As per Article 7 of   the convention   any contract or contract terms may be considered invalid if the contract was agreed under undue influence of danger and its terms are inequitable or payment agreed is in an excessive degree or too large for the services actually rendered. There are mainly two types of salvage agreements: i)   Ã‚  Services offered on the basis of ordinary tariff or fixed lump sum or daily rate ii)  Ã‚  Services offered on the basis of remunerations to be settled later, whether by agreement or by court judgement or by arbitration under Lloyds Open Form. Depending on the particular case of severity of the dangerous situations and availability of the time the each one has its own advantages and disadvantages for the Master ship which requires assistance.   The Salvage arranged under ordinary tariff   is obviously shall be cheaper and should be obtained if time permits.   However if the time available is crucial in saving the ship or property in imminent danger or imminent danger to the marine environment the the 2nd option of â€Å"Services on the basis of remunerations to be settled later† shall be opted for normally called as salvage agreement under LOF (Lloyds Open Form). The LOF also includes the SCOPIC clause (introduced in LOF 95) as an optional term. The advantages of using LOF 200 salvage agreement are summarised as : The agreement can be transmitted via radio or other electronic means, although an independent witness to the event should be sought and, there is no need to sign the agreement until the salvage services have been completed. The agreement is not likely to be disputed. It is basically â€Å"no cure, no-pay† principle agreement. Any claim applies under English Law. The salvor has maritime lien on the property saved, even after sale of the property to another party. The property saved can be quickly released to the owner on security payment. The salvor will get an interim reward. Any disputes will be referred to an arbitration. Underwriter’s liability can not be increased beyond that for total loss The excessive claims by salvors are avoided. (college handout notes). Analysing the situation for the said case of assignment the own vessel was towed under Lloyds Open Form due to the vessel suffering severe collision damage in the forward it was the best decision to opt for towage under LOF since it was the necessity of the situation to not loose much time in bargaining for contract towage under daily hire agreement because there was a danger of sinking of the vessel quickly as server forward damage and could had resulted in the total loss otherwise of the property. However in case of the other vessel, since she suffered a minor hull damage forward, there was no serious danger to the vessel immediately and had time to bargain and organise for the daily hire agreement resulting in a cheaper option safely. So it was a wise decision to opt for the daily hire agreement for the other vessel. The Master will need to follow the customary procedure when proceeding for of Port of Refuge, arrival and reporting procedure of port of calls and, by following the inward clearance requirement and procedure for unscheduled arrival to POR by appointing   / informing the agent thru owner including intimating the destination agent and the charterers, following the procedures and completing the documentation formalities on arrival in regard to Pilotage/Port arrivals, Port Health, Customs and Immigration etc., Lodging the Note of Protest in front of Notary via agent with records and evidences, informing HM and PNI, Classification society for various surveys towards repairs / dry docking formalities etc. In no way the master should allow the cargo to start till either bonds or guarantees are used to secure payment from contributors, all the formalities have taken place and, all the settlements are finalised between the shipper, owner and the charterer (An Adjuster will calculate payments based on benefit) . Also Before departure Master is to obtain the interim certificate of Class / issuance of certificate of seaworthiness. The action of the master in compliance with appropriate codes and regulations will assist in reducing the carriers liability and mitigating losses against extra ordinary perils of the sea or the situations beyond his control. References: i)   College Hand outs    ii) The shipmasters business companion – Malcolm Maclachlan – 2004   iii)  Business and law for the shipmasters – F.N. Hopkins – 7th edition 1989

Free Essays on Roar

â€Å"Whoso Pulleth Out This Sword of this Stone and Anvil, is Rightwise King Born of All England† (201). There was a tournament held in London and all were invited to come and the one who pulled the sword out would be the new King of England. Wart and Kay went along with Sir Ector to London. In addition to having people try to pull out the sword they have activities like jousting. While in London, Kay joins in on the jousting but he left his sword in the house they were staying in so Wart went back to the house but it was locked and as he walked back he saw the sword in the anvil. He decided to borrow the sword, and he went over to it and pulled it out. When he told Kay where he got the sword Kay announced that Wart was the new King of England, but Merlyn changes his name to Arthur and from then on he was King Arthur. Lancelot is a knight for King Arthur. He is a very good knight but his main downfall is that he is very ugly. Lancelot goes through many problems but his biggest problem is that he falls in love with Arthur’s wif... Free Essays on Roar Free Essays on Roar White, T. H. The Once And Future King. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. 1958. The main character in the novel is Wart. He lives with his foster brother Kay at Sir Ector’s castle in a Forest. Kay and Wart are really good friends and they go on a lot of adventures in the woods. One day Wart is out in the woods and he finds Merlyn. Wart takes Merlyn back to Sir Ector’s castle. Merlyn is a magician and he becomes Wart’s tutor. Merlyn turns Wart into many different animals ,such as a fish, an ant, and a badger, and sends him on many adventures. Merlyn teaches Wart many lessons. One day the castle receives a letter that says that the King of England had died and since he had no kin it was going to be a hard task to find a new King of England. A sword stuck in an anvil appeared in front of the church in London and on the anvil were inscribed the words â€Å"Whoso Pulleth Out This Sword of this Stone and Anvil, is Rightwise King Born of All England† (201). There was a tournament held in London and all were invited to come and the one who pulled the sword out would be the new King of England. Wart and Kay went along with Sir Ector to London. In addition to having people try to pull out the sword they have activities like jousting. While in London, Kay joins in on the jousting but he left his sword in the house they were staying in so Wart went back to the house but it was locked and as he walked back he saw the sword in the anvil. He decided to borrow the sword, and he went over to it and pulled it out. When he told Kay where he got the sword Kay announced that Wart was the new King of England, but Merlyn changes his name to Arthur and from then on he was King Arthur. Lancelot is a knight for King Arthur. He is a very good knight but his main downfall is that he is very ugly. Lancelot goes through many problems but his biggest problem is that he falls in love with Arthur’s wif...

Questions for Practitioners and Researchers Research Paper

Questions for Practitioners and Researchers - Research Paper Example The last two US secretaries of state are just examples (Jarrett and Tchen, 2012). Propose some best practices that foster leadership development at earlier periods in human development. Speculate about what might be done at the grade school and high school levels to encourage leadership in young girls In order to encourage leadership in young girls, grade schools should set up model assemblies that imitate the Congress or the UN. After that schools should offer debatable topics especially those relating to policy so that they get an experience of what it means to address matters of public exams. Classes should also be allowed to elect one male and female representative so that young girls get a chance to discover their talents in public speaking, which is an essential leadership skills. Schools can also nurture leadership by also appointing many young girls into positions of responsibility to have them get used to being on the lead (Matthews, 2009). Women in the United States are ahead of other countries in education but not in holding positions in business and government as their education achievement would suggest. Speculate about the reasons for this and propose what to do about the situation While this may be true, it does not hold to a certain extent. The real situation is that this had been the trend in the past. Currently there are women holding position in the government. The last two secretaries of state have been women and they have both done a marvelous job. The president is poised to appoint another woman Mrs. Rice as the next secretary of State. As pertains to business, probably it applies with regard to top positions. Even so, there are women holding positions in businesses. Many countries, have fewer women than men in various positions. The most probable reason for this trend comes down to social organization where women have to worry about being good mothers and good leaders (Jarrett & Tchen,